A gang faces lengthy jail terms for the brutal torture of a man.
The victim's horror ordeal included attempts to chop off his toe and have what was described as a "corrosive substance" poured down his throat.
Salar Rezaei, 45, Afshin Moghayer, 52, Ismail Araby, 27, and Mohammed Karim, 26, were convicted at the High Court in Glasgow of being involved in the abduction and attempted murder of the man over two days in September 2019.
The victim was said to have been forced into a car in the city's Shawlands before being held hostage at a property in Bishopbriggs, East Dunbartonshire.
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At one stage, he was kept in a cupboard while being deprived of food, water or going to the toilet.
The terrified man's hands and ankles were bound together before he was punched, kicked and smacked with a pole.
The indictment further stated bags of ice cubes were stuffed into his underwear.
The kidnappers tried to suffocate the man by putting plastic bags over his head and wrapping them with masking tape.
The charge added the gang did "attempt to remove his toe with an unknown implement".
The gruesome attack was said to be to the man's severe injury and danger of his life.
Prosecutors stated Rezaei had previously shown "ill will" towards the victim.
Rezaei, of the city's Maryhill, Moghayer, of Kirkintilloch, East Dunbartonshire, Araby, of Parkhead, and Karim, of Easterhouse, both Glasgow, had denied the accusations.
Araby was already behind bars having been jailed for five and a half years for the rape of a woman.
This could not be reported until the end of the torture case.
The four are due to be sentenced this week by Judge Andrew Miller at a hearing in Aberdeen.
He told them: "You have been convicted of the very grave offence of abduction and attempted murder. Bail is withdrawn in relation to each of you."
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